PORNOGRAPHY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: DISCOURSES, EVIDENCE, AND THE QUEST FOR BALANCED PUBLIC POLICY

Abstract

Pornography, a ubiquitous phenomenon in the digital age, presents a multifaceted challenge for rational, evidence-based public policy globally. This critical analysis synthesizes 21st-century academic literature to unravel the complex interplay among socio-cultural discourses, empirical evidence of their effects, and diverse public policy approaches worldwide. We reveal that perspectives on pornography are profoundly varied, rooted in differing religious, political, and gender ideologies. Empirical findings are often contradictory, indicating both adverse outcomes from problematic use (mental health, relationships) and potential positive roles in sexual exploration for others. Correspondingly, global policy responses range from strict prohibition in religious contexts to liberal regulation. From this synthesis, we propose a nuanced policy framework that prioritizes the protection of vulnerable groups—particularly children and those at risk of exploitation—through robust age verification, comprehensive sex education, and strict industry oversight. Simultaneously, this framework advocates for respecting adult liberties, balancing harm reduction with individual freedom, and grounding policy decisions in ongoing, independent, and culturally sensitive research. Our analysis challenges simplistic, monolithic views of pornography, advocating for context-sensitive interventions that acknowledge its complex realities and diverse impacts on society and individuals.