Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills of Chiang Mai Rajabhat University Students through the Hotel Stars Game

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of the Hotel Stars simulation game—designed around realistic scenarios of service and hotel management—on the development of critical thinking skills among 150 students enrolled in GEN1401. A 15-item scenario-based instrument, covering analytical reasoning, data interpretation, argument evaluation, and decision-making under constraints, was validated for content accuracy and reliability prior to use. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining Paired Sample t-test for quantitative comparison of pre- and post-test scores with Thematic Analysis of five open-ended items to explore students’ reasoning processes. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in critical thinking performance after the intervention (t(149) = 12.45, p < .001), with notable gains in evidence-based reasoning and generation of decision alternatives. Qualitative responses further revealed students’ enhanced ability to link data with systemic consequences and to justify decisions based on multi-dimensional considerations, aligning with Kolb’s Experiential Learning framework. These findings suggest that Hotel Stars serves as an effective instructional tool for fostering higher-order critical thinking in higher education and holds potential for broader application across various disciplines.