Terms of Address in Traditional Mor Lam Folk Drama titled “Toh Klon” Reflecting the Modernization of Isan Society and Culture

Abstract

          This research aims to analyze the characteristics of forms of address that reflect modernity in Traditional Mor Lam Folk Drama titled Toh Klon (Isaan folk opera) performances, and to interpret their socio-cultural implications in order to understand the dynamics of change in Isaan society in the era of globalization. Data were collected from 10 performances by 5 Mor Lam troupes.

            The study identified 67 modern forms of address, which were classified into two main groups: 1) those reflecting external influences and changing social structures, such as terms related to organizational contexts, specialized professions, and economic status linked to capitalism; and 2) those emerging from new identity constructions and redefined relationships, which reflect cross-cultural influences, complex gender identities, and Fandom culture.
  
          In conclusion, the forms of address in Mor Lam serve as significant indicators of social change, reflecting the transition of Isaan society from traditional structures to an urban society that values economic success. Furthermore, they demonstrate an openness to globalization through the definition of new identities and relationships, including more open perspectives on gender and the dynamics of artist-fan relationships. These findings confirm that Mor Lam is not merely a transmission of cultural heritage, but a vibrant cultural space that adapts to and powerfully represents contemporary Isaan society.