https://so15.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TMSR JOURNAL NAME<br />ISSN: ________ E-ISSN: ________<br />Publication Frequency : <br />Aims and Scope : <br /> White Tiger Legal Business and Research Consultants Co., Ltd. en-US Thai Man and Society Review บทความนี้ได้รับการเผยแพร่ภายใต้สัญญาอนุญาต Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) ซึ่งอนุญาตให้ผู้อื่นสามารถแชร์บทความได้โดยให้เครดิตผู้เขียนและห้ามนำไปใช้เพื่อการค้าหรือดัดแปลง หากต้องการใช้งานซ้ำในลักษณะอื่น ๆ หรือการเผยแพร่ซ้ำ จำเป็นต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากวารสาร https://so15.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TMSR/article/view/3230 <p>This comprehensive review examines the evolution and transformative pathways of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) over 25 years (2001-2025), addressing significant gaps in epoch-specific analyses. Utilizing a documentary research approach, the study synthesizes developments in CBT across economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and governance dimensions, with a specific focus on Southeast Asian case studies. The analysis is delineated into three distinct phases. The pre-COVID-19 era (2001-2019) highlights CBT's rapid growth as a critical alternative to mass tourism, fostering multidimensional local empowerment while exposing persistent challenges, including overtourism, inequitable distribution of benefits, and capacity deficits. The COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) caused unprecedented industry disruption and severely impacted tourism-dependent livelihoods; however, it simultaneously catalyzed rapid digital adaptation and underscored the absolute necessity of community resilience. Finally, the post-COVID-19 epoch (2022-2025) reveals an uneven global recovery characterized by digital transformation, the strategic integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles, and the emergence of regenerative tourism frameworks. Ultimately, the future sustainability of CBT relies on robust local governance, equitable resource sharing, diversified income streams, and the strategic application of responsible technologies to build a resilient ecosystem that genuinely empowers host communities.</p> Nuttharin PARIWONGKHUNTORN Prapakorn MANKHONG Sudarat RODBOONSONG Qun LIAO Copyright (c) 2026 Nuttharin PARIWONGKHUNTORN, Prapakorn MANKHONG, Sudarat RODBOONSONG, Qun LIAO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2026-03-18 2026-03-18 1 2 2 2 10.14456/tmsr.2025.7 https://so15.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TMSR/article/view/2890 <p>This documentary research comprehensively analyzes the evolution of global ecotourism from 2001 to 2025, synthesizing economic, socio-cultural, and environmental dimensions. The study delineates three distinct phases: the pre-pandemic era of rapid growth and overtourism concerns; the COVID-19 crisis, which exposed systemic fragilities while accelerating digital adoption and domestic market shifts; and the post-pandemic recovery. The analysis reveals a critical paradigm shift in the latter phase, moving beyond traditional sustainable development toward Regenerative Tourism. This emerging model prioritizes the active restoration of natural and social capital, integrating Circular Economy principles and smart technology to address persistent inequalities. Results indicate that while ecotourism remains a vital economic driver, its future viability hinges on transcending mere conservation to foster deep community resilience. The study concludes that successful adaptation requires harmonizing high-tech innovations with local wisdom and enforcing rigorous policies. By mapping these transformative pathways, this review provides a foundational framework for policymakers and stakeholders to construct a robust, equitable ecotourism industry capable of navigating future global uncertainties.</p> Nuttharin PARIWONGKHUNTORN Prapakorn MANKHONG Sudarat RODBOONSONG Qun LIAO Copyright (c) 2026 Nuttharin PARIWONGKHUNTORN, Prapakorn MANKHONG, Sudarat RODBOONSONG, Qun LIAO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2026-02-05 2026-02-05 1 2 1 1 10.14456/tmsr.2025.6